ICT and the challenge of multicultural society

Some experts in Internet and communication studies argue that a positive interaction among the different groups in a plural society can be facilitated through ICT.

The assumption is based on the ability of the Internet to eliminate ethnic stereotupes and other primordial sentiments when the interaction first started.

Development and the Usage of ICT and Internet in Indonesia

Internet usage in Indonesia today has developed very rapidly. boosted by some inventions in hardware and information technology.

Internet service providers began to stare at the magic of mobile phones, notebooks and tablets to market their internet service. they offer a low price to get more customers, The Indonesian Association of Internet Kiosk declared that there was a 19% decrease in people accessing Internet from their kiosks.

Although stereotypes are not always true in reality, they are continuously reproduced by people. Defining multiculturalism as a pursuit for equality and tolerance, stereotypes are subject in social interaction

ICT in the service of multiculturalism

There is a Contact Hypothesis that search the conditions for successful contact between two or more groups with different cultures.

1. Equal-group status within the situation
2. Common goals
3. Intergroup cooperation
4. Institutional goals

Pettigrew and Tropp stipulated that one of the basic requirements for successful contact between cultures is cooperation and collaboration

 

Problems applying the contact hypothesis

1. Logistic of group meetings
2. The need to  meet with another group from a nearby or easily accessible geographical area
3. Growing transportation cost

OICH 

The Online Inter-Group Contact Hypothesis is based on an extension of the contact hypothesis trying to adapt the original contact with the new technologies.

In order to this model to work is needed certain conditions:

• Be fully supported 
• Involve collaboration
• Deal with general subjects and not with conflicts
• Be be based on a need for participant collaboration rather than competition 
• Ensure participants have equal status
• Progress gradually

The role of computer skills in the formation of modern translator's professional competence

 

Translation tools:

• Machine translation (MT). 

• Computer assisted translation (CAT) is a form of language translation in which a human translator uses softwares to facilitate the translation process, it is called machine assisted and must not be confused with the machine translator.

• Terminology management systems (TMS) allow translators to create and maintain a database of terminology (termbase).

Benefits of using ICT:

• They enhance and encourage terminological consistency and it they also improve quality of translation texts.
• Prevent translators from undertaking the same terminological searches.
• Translation process is accelerated due to reuse of previously translated terminology.

Localization software involves making the product linguistically and culturally appropriate for a target country. It stands for combination of language and technology in order to produce a product that can cross both cultural and linguistic barriers.

Barriers to teaching computer skills to future translators

Professional translation need humanistic and technological profile. Students are deficient in ICT skills and their chances to prosper decrease considerably.

ICT education transformation, and economic development: an analysis of the US nations educational technologiy plan

NETO calls for an education transformation in the US making reccomendations for the use of technology so teacher and students could have access  and broadband connectivity.

This transformation is an urgent need in order to change the education if they want to keep continue to be competitive in the global economy.

5 sorts of research are reviewed:
1. Macroeconomic research
2. Microeconomic research
3. Labor market and workforce studies
4. Studies showing patterns of the everyday ICT use in America life
5. Studies that show that American school are not using ICT in a significant way

• Macroeconomic
• Studies show that US economy has undergone profound changes over the past several decades. Many of these changes have been fostered by the dramatic growth in ICT.

56% domestic products
57% :32% manufacturing ans construction and 35% production of information products

• Microeconomic trends: changes in business organization and practices.

Three sets of industries in the US
1. ICT producing industries  acceleration of 3.7 percentage point
2. ICT using industries  increase - 2.0 percentage point
3. other industries average - 4.0 percentage points

Black & Lynch made a connection between ICT use and productivity. The found that productivity increases by using ICT.

• Labor market trend: need for a different skill set

A need of increased education and skill on labor force

As ICT was taken up by firms in the 1970s computers substituted  workers
confirminming the impact that ict have on the nature of work in new technology

• Social trend everyday ICT practices

The use of ICT across the country as ha a significant social impact on America. American youth had become experienced and highly skilled technology users.

• Educational trends

Given the massive changes in the economy ans society, the significant technological resources available in American homes the preparation for the youth in information economy has become better in the twenty/first century.

Translation and technologie

Translation services has increased in the last few years and new technological devices can be applied in this field.

Translation tools they are relatively good at finding concordances but they need to begin to accommodate specific needs of a particular language.

Adoption of information and communication technologies

1. Documents production activities (presentations software and publishing software)
2. Information search and retrieval activities (dictionaries and glossaries, terminology data banks)
3. Translation creation activities (computer-aid translation)
4. Communicative activities (electronic mail, most of translation use it)
5. Marketing and work procurement activities used on-line translation marketplaces of marketing and or for work procurement
business management activities spreadsheet packages database packages

Attitude towards ICT

• Largely positive
• Brought time saving benefits helped them provide higher quality services to their clients improve their effectiveness
• Invest technology that would help improve their efficiency and productivity as translators embark on a freelance career.

Services whit everything: The ICT enabled digital transformation of services

Nowadays, traditional boundaries are breaking down between products and services all around the world. Here are some information about

An example of this is the algorithmic revolution. A services can be transformed into formalizable, codificable, computable process like banks ATM.

Firms see services as the solution to create defensible position in markets. Firms' hardware offerings are increasingly by iCT-enabled services offering

Products themselves can be transformed into services or portal of services when delivered via ICT networks.

The services spectrum

• Irreducible service: relay on humans to deliver services.
• Hybrid service: relays on a combination of human and electronic tools.
• Automated service: are fully automated bu electronic devices.

As ICT tools has become more sophisticated producing goods and services is one the most important expression of technology.The primary drivers of development computing storage are software and networking but even companies that produce this are big and powerful, they have to learn how to maintain advantage, creating new functionality of the service or software.

Globalization in not just worldwide converge, is innovation.

UNESCO ICT competency framework for teachers

 

The use of ICT depends on the subject, the learning objective and the nature of the students.

The UNESCO and the CISCO worked together and identified the  competences teachers should develop:

• Support the professional development of children, young people and adults.
• Encourage cross/cultural understanding.
• Promote democracy and increase participation.
• Support economic development

 

Factors of economic growth

• Capital depending: workforce
• Higher quality labor: more knowledgeable workforce
• Technology innovation: create, distribute and share.

Approaches of framework

• Technology literacy
• Knowledge deepending
• Knowledge creation:

There are six aspects of a teacher's work

1. Understanding ICT in education

2. Curriculum ans assessment

3. Pedagogy

4. ICT

5. Organisation and administration

6. Teacher professional learning

Education reforms

The use of new technologies implies new teachers roles, new pedagogies and approaches. Teachers have to develop the ability to structure the learning environment.