An effective use of ICT for education and learning by drawing on worldwide knowledge reasearch and experience

The use of ICT cause an effect in teaching and learning and this process could be separated into:

• Education

• Reading

• Writing

• Numeracy

The use of ICT has the potential to motivate people, innovate the planning of activities, increases the flexibility of access to education and can change the view of information from different perspectives.

Processes, performance drivers ans ICT tools in human resources management

There are 6 keys of quality of an HR (human resource) manager

• Problem solving 
• Organization 
• Ethics 
• Leadership
• Communication 
• Expertise

The tasks they have to do are various:

• Planning
• Interviewing and recruiting the personal  
• Developed programs 
• Motivate 
• Evaluation of tasks
• Establishing tools
• Administrative processes.

The concept of performance drivers has been discussed by many authors like Kaplan, Groundy and Brown. They mark activities or actions that increase potential to achieve higher level of corporate performance.
They help a company in the use of ICT and tell them which are better.

The new ICT and translation competence

There are two more devices to improve your translations: the machine translation wich analyzes  a source of text and translate it, and the other is the computer-assisted translation (CAT) that helps a human translator create a target text.

First of all, lets check what  competence-translation are. The competence-translation concept was named like this because of the similarities it has with the Chomsky's linguistic competence and performance concepts.

The technology can be applied in every field you can think about, and translation is one of those fields.  Nowadays to be a good translator it is necessary to use the new technological devices.

Some of the ICT to translate are the Internet, the corpus linguistic and the concordance generator programs.

With the Internet we search for data, the latest publications and we can even communicate with other experts. There are two types of corpora linguistics, the monolingual corpora and the bilingual corpora. And the concordance generators programs help us find how many times a concept appears in a text.

All these ICT  makes the job easier in any of the translations phases.

• The reception phase: fully understanding of the text.
• The transfer phase: a deep cross-cultural undesrtanding.
• The formulation phase: resolve challenges regarding the production of the target language text.

The role of ICT sector in expanding economic opportunity

In the 80's the PTTS (post, telephone and telegraph services) were the most important and expensive devices. In the past 20  years the new innovations had appeared and they are advancing rapidly. 

The use of ICT in modern economic reduce transactions and improve productivity.

There are also some economic opportunity obstacles:

• Geographic isolation 

• Lack of competition and high prices for consumer 

• Lack of competition ans low prices for producers

• Political voice

They make  companies  help people to increase its opportunities, productivity, information and access to services.
An example of this are the low-income households and small and médium- sized enterprises.

For this to happen it is very important the innovations.

Business strategies for the ICT sector in expanding economic opportunity

ICT companies can expand economic by getting those technologies out and make new content applications and services.
There are two strategies for this:

• Horizontal deepending : adding new constumers
• Vertical deepending: grow markets by technology services that increase productivity

ICT for translation and interpretation

    

 

The Paris declaration in 2010 anticipate a shortage  of qualified linguists in european institutions in the next ten years. 

 What is the solutions to this? An education that embrace theoretical knowledge and practical knowledge.

 Experience is vital in the learning process not only the theoretical part.  It is important to learn in context and the experience has to be authentic, otherwise it would not be a truly learning.

There are some professionals that developed a method to this kind of learning like John Dewey, Graham Gibbs and David A. Kolb.
Professional experience enables lecturers to include specific difficulties in class exercises.
 

 

 

There are different ICT that can be applied to this field like the wiki tools.
The wiki tools  can support a collaborative constructions of knowledge groups wich can be created in the VLE (virtual learning environment)and  this could be also use for educational purposes.
It can help enabling a reflexive and critical learning experience and to make learners play roles ans consider different perspectives.

Valentine's Day

       The rise of Internet popularity at the turn of the millennium is creating new traditions. Millions of people use, every year, digital means of creating and sending Valentine's Day greeting messages such as e-cards, love cupons or printable greeting cards. An estimated 15 million e-valentines were sent in 2010.

       Is an annual holiday celebrated on February 14. It is named like that bcause of the saint  Valentinus who married couples of christian soldiers that was forbidden in that time, he was persecuted and during his imprisonment healed the daughter of his jailer and before his execution, he wrote her a letter signed "Your Valentine" as a farewell.

        In 18th-century England, it evolved into an occasion in which lovers expressed their love for each other by presenting flowers, offering confectionary and sending greeting cards.

        Valentine's Day symbols that are used today include the heart-shape outline, doves, and the figure of the winged Cupid.

       Here in Mexico people celebrate Valentine's Day giving present, cards, goint to restaurants, hotels, to the movies and the theater.

Factors affecting teachers use of information and communication technology

The use of ICT tools in a classroom, makes things easy and can solve problems that appear in the class. It can be useful not only for teachers but also for the students.

         In the last twenty years, investigations had been made in order to see how much of the population has access to computers, like the research by Albrini in 2006 or the one by Bauer and Kenton in 2005 to study about technology integration in schools.

             The main problem appears to be that teachers does not want to use ICT, yet not for lack of interest but for a lack of technical support like NCATE reported in 1997, study that showed teachers did not used them because they did not know how or where to get help  when somenting went wrong.


            Teacher's training programs often focu more on basic literacy skills ans less on the integrated use of ICT. It is time to complement with effective training programs and motivate teachers to upgrade and update their skills, abilities and knowledge.

             In  1996 Kirby Mckenzie developed a model for integrating technology into teachers training programs, it consist into three stages:

• Planning
• Implementation phase
• Evaluation

This plan also identified what should be taught, how and which technology.

              Fortunately, nowadays there are more teachers and students using ICT and let's just hope they take advantage of them.

Information and communications technology

The are 4 C's of ICT:

• Computing
• Connectivity
• Content
• Capacity

      The ICT involve a lot of fields we can think about and it has some goals for the future. For example in education, ICT can increase the quality of educational materials and better trained teachers; in a more social aspect, it can help eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and promote gender equality with programs to educate the population. It can help reduce child mortality, improve maternal health by increasing access to reproductive health information and combat diseases.

   There are certain objectives society should reach related to ICT like connect villages, universities, libraries, health centers, adapt primary and secondary schools, ensure population have access and encourage development of content. Unfortunately there are some challenges that this technologies face:

• Awareness
• Availability
• Accessibility
• Afford-ability

       "Digital divides are not just the result of economic differences in access to technologies but also in cultural capacity and political will to apply these technologies for development impact". It is a problem the lack of resources in some countries to apply these technologies in schools or other places, but it does not mean that those who can afford it are using them in a right way or in all its potential.

          We need to transform complex technologies into user-friendly systems that is why the Internet of the future must be: trustworthy, reliable, globally inclusive, easy to use, affordable, able to change rapidly, innovative and capable of significant expansion transparently and well managed.

Electronic Age (1946-1957)

Characterized by electronic devices and advent of solid state devices. It is divided into three periods:

• Transistors period: in 1947 the first full transistor computer foundation of every electronic device is lightweight and faster.
• Integrated circuits period: it revolutionized the use of computers and electronic devices faster operating speed by Jack Kilby.
• Computers processor period: fast-paced development and innovation in personal computing productivity entertainment communication world wide web by Pier Giorgo and Don Estridge.

Questions:

In what year was the transistor invented? In the year of 1947
Which was the first "complete turing" computer? Who created it? Mark 1was the first created by IBM.
Which are the main events of the electronic era?  The transistor, integrated circuits and the computer processor.
In what era we are now? Microelectronic era

Electromechanical Age (1840-1940)

This era starts when man discovers a way in which the information can be converted to electrical impulses and how to control and use the electricity.

     The first electronic calculating device was the Colossus machine  used by the british and and germans.

       Then we have the beginnings of telecommunications like:

Alessandro Volta invented the voltaic pile, the first source of stores electricity in the 8th century.

The telegraph made by Samuel F. J. Morse in 1832.

The radiotelegraph created by Marchese Guglielmo Marconi

The telephone and radio, on 1876 the first successful bi-directional transmission of clear speech took place.

And finally between the years of 1939-1944 the United States financed the first "complete turing" computer called Mark 1.

Mechanical Age (1450-1840)

In this period a lot of inventions came out, even that these are not capable of do multiple tasks as the ones we use today. Here are some of those inventions:

Gutenberg made the movable metal-type printing process

Jhon Napier invented the slide rule

Blase pascal invented a mechanical calculation machine called the pascaline and a german mathematician the stepped reckoner.

A man called Charles Babbage created the designed of the  first modern computer.

History of information technology

 

Information technology has become a part of our daily life, so is important to know the process it required in order to this technology become what it is today.

Pre mechanical Age (3000B.C-1450A.D)

   The man started communicate and managed information through petroglyphs, pictographs and ideographs. Then the sumerians invented the cuneiform script. 

Finally the phoenicians developed a writing system that used symbols to represent sounds.

After man developed writing it started to form libraries and books.

He also create the first numeric systems and the first information processor is the abacus created by the chinese.